Lesson 03 : Factural Information Questions¶
Questions in Homework 02¶
Question 01
In a typical business conference, associates meet to discuss policy or to solve problems. The average participants do not do much specific preparing; their background and thinking usually formulate their contribution. But it is best if all participants know in advance the purpose of the conference. Some general preparation may be in order, and participants may want to take into the conference materials or data that might be instrumental if a matter comes up.
- A）Although participants cannot be anticipated to do much, they should make some preparation.
- B）The conference leader should prepare all of the materials and data that will be used in the conference.
- C）There is a general order to most conferences, with participants contributing ideas and information.
- D）As routine preparation, participants can bring materials or data that might be part of a discussion.
D) As routine preparation, participants can bring materials or data that might be part of a discussion.
B 选项当中的 all of 有些绝对，意思有所偏颇。D 更适合。
Skills¶
- 观察题目关键信息块（专有名词，名词为主）
- 同义词 / 句替换
Examples¶
Example 01
From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to delineate the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning. To show this motion, she traced a curve inside. I was taken aback. Lines of motion, such as the one she used, are a very recent invention in the history of illustration. Indeed, as art scholar David Kunzle notes, Wilhelm Busch, a trend-setting nineteenth-century cartoonists, used virtually no motion lines in his popular figures until about 1877.
-
（1）This paragraph makes the point that blind people
- A）may find art very intriguing
- B）can sketch the contours of objects and surfaces
- C）can recognize conventional drawing techniques
- D）are able to produce a picture accurately
-
（2）The writer was very surprised when the blind woman
- A）drew a circle on her own initiative
- B）exhibited her expertise in illustration
- C）employed a symbol representing movement
- D）was the first person to use lines of motion
-
（1）C）can recognize conventional drawing techniques
根据原文 appreciate the use of... 即可同义转换为 C 选项
-
（2）C）employed a symbol representing movement
原文中 "I was taken aback" 与题目中 "surprise" 相同，根据上下文可确定为 C 选项
Example 02
The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by the chemical dyes developed during the 1800s. By 1900 a full spectrum of synthetic colors had been evolved, many of them reaching a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that tremendously exceeded that of natural dyestuffs. Since then,the petroleum industry has added many new chemicals, and from these other types of dyestuffs have been developed. Much of the research in dyes was stimulated by the peculiarities of some of the new synthetic fibers--Acetate rayon, for example, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new range of dyes had to be developed; nylon and Tervlene presented similar problems.
- According to the passage, how did chemical dyes compare to natural dyes?
- A）They had less attractive colors.
- B）They were less easy to use.
- C）They lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light.
- D）They held up better.
- D）They held up better.
根据原文 "reaching a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that tremendously exceeded that of natural dyestuffs" 可以得知与 D 相同。
New words¶
| Words | Part of Speech | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| elevation | n. | 海拔，高度 | syn. altitude |
| instrumental | adj. | 有用的 | syn. useful |
| ectotherm | n. | 冷血动物 | ecto- 表示从外界 -therm 表示与热量有关的 syn. poikilotherm |
| endotherm | n. | 恒温动物 | endo- 表示从内部 |
| thermometer | n. | 温度计 | |
| thermos | n. | 保温杯 | |
| thermotherapy | n. | 热疗 | |
| thermal | adj. | 热的，保温的 | |
| thermophilic | adj. | 喜温的 | -phil 表示喜欢 |
| thermosphere | n. | 热大气层 | |
| stratosphere | n. | 平流层 | |
| mesosphere | n. | 中间层 | |
| ionosphere | n. | 电离层 | |
| exosphere | n. | 外大气层 | |
| troposphere | n. | 对流层 | |
| delineate | v. | 描绘 | -ate 表示动词后缀 de- 表示 1）向下 2）去除 3）强调 syn. depict, describe |
| perspective | adj. | 透视的 | per- 表示每一个，彻底地，完全地 -spect 表示看 pre- 表示先前 pro- 表示向前 |
| spectator | n. | 观众 | |
| spectacle | n. | 景观 | make a spectacle of oneself 出洋相 adj. spectacular 壮观的 adv. spectacularly spectacles 眼睛 |
| inspect | v. | 视察 | n. inspection, inspector |
| introspect | v. | 自省 | adj. introspective n. introspection |
| retrospect | n./v. | 回忆 | in retrospect 回想起来 |
| circumspect | adj. | 谨慎小心的 | syn. prudent, cautious |
| prospect | n. | 前景 | adj. prospective |
| spectrum | n. | 光谱，频谱 | pl. spectra |
| suspect | v./n. | 怀疑/嫌疑人 | sus- 表示向下 suspect sb. of doing sth. n. suspicion adj. suspicious |
| conspicuous | adj. | 显眼的 | -spi 表示看 |
| perspicacious | adj. | 透彻的 | syn. insightful |
| despicable | adj. | 卑鄙的 | |
| despise | v. | 鄙视 | |
| auspice | n. | 吉兆 | au-/av- 表示与鸟/天有关的 adj. auspicious under the auspices of... 在...加持下 |
| the avian flu | / | 禽流感 | |
| aviculture | n. | 家禽养殖业 | |
| evident | adj. | 显然的 | -vis/-vid 表示看 |
| provident | adj. | 有远见的 | syn. visionary, farsighted |
| devise | v. | 设计 | |
| lateral | adj. | 横向的，侧面的 | bilateral 双边的 multilateral 多边的 |
| liberal | adj. | 自由的 | v. liberate n. liberation 解放 People's Liberation Army(PLA) 中国人民解放军 |
| literal | adj. | 字面上的 | adv. literally |
| literary | adj. | 文学的 | n. literacy |
| literate | adj. | 有文化的 | |
| tech-savvy | adj. | 精通技术的 | ant. tech-illiterate |
| take one's initiative in doing | / | 加入...的倡导 | |
| transcend | v. | 超过 | syn. surpass |
| a wide/full spectrum of | / | 大量，各种各样的 | syn. an assortment of, a myriad/plethora of |
| evolve | v. | 进化 | vol- 表示卷 |
| volume | n. | （书）卷 | |
| involve | v. | 包含 | n. involvement |
| revolve | v. | 围绕 | revolve around the revolving door |
| involuted | adj. | 内卷的 | n. involution |
| convoluted | adj. | 错综复杂的 | |
| devolution | n. | 权利下放 | |
| voluble | adj. | 滔滔不绝的 | be voluble on 在...口若悬河 |
| supersede | v. | 取代 | sed-/sid- 表示坐 syn. replace, supplant |
| assiduous | adj. | 勤勉的 | n. assiduity |
| sedative | n. | 镇静剂 | adj. sedate 文静的 |
| dissident | n. | 持不同意见的人 | |
| insidious | adj. | 阴险的 | |
| preside | v. | 主持 | preside over 主持（会议） n. president |
| reside | v. | 居住 | n. resident 居民, residence 居所 adj. residential |
| residue | n. | 残留物 | adj. residual |
| subside | v. | 塌陷 | sub- 表示下 |
| sediment | n. | 沉积物 | adj. sedimentary |
| sedentary | adj. | 坐着的 | |
| sedan | n. | 轿子 | |
| scrape | v. | 刮，擦 | |
| incubate | v. | 孵化 | syn. hatch |
| intimidate | v. | 恐吓 |